Java Syntax Guide for Beginners

Java is a popular, high-level programming language known for its portability, readability, and strong community support. To start writing Java code, it's essential to understand its syntax. Let's dive into the basics:

Semicolons: In Java, semicolons (;) are used to terminate statements. A statement can be as simple as a variable declaration or assignment:
```
int x; // Declaration
x = 5;  // Assignment
```
Braces (Curly Braces): Curly braces {} are used to define blocks of code. For example, in control structures like loops and conditional statements:
```
if (condition) {
    // This is a code block
} else {
    // Another code block
}
```
Or, in method and class definitions:
```
public void myMethod() {
    // Method body
}
```
Variables: Java requires you to declare variables before using them. Variable declarations start with a data type followed by the variable name:
```
int age;       // Declaration
String name;   // Declaration
age = 30;      // Assignment
name = "John"; // Assignment
```
Comments: Java supports single-line comments (using //) and multi-line comments (using /* */) for adding explanations to your code:
```
// This is a single-line comment

/*
This is a
multi-line comment
*/
```
Data Types: Java has primitive data types, which include int, double, boolean, and others. It also has reference data types like String. You can also create custom classes as your own data types.
```
int myInt = 42;
double myDouble = 3.14;
boolean myBoolean = true;
String myString = "Hello, Java!";
```
Operators: Java supports various operators for performing operations on variables and values. For instance:
```
int result = 10 + 5;           // Addition
boolean isTrue = (x > y) && (z < 10); // Logical AND
```

Conditional Statements: Java has if, else if, and else statements for conditional execution:

if (condition1) {
    // Code block 1
} else if (condition2) {
    // Code block 2
} else {
    // Code block 3
}

Loops: Java provides different types of loops, including for, while, and do-while:

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    // Code to repeat
}

while (condition) {
    // Code to repeat
}

Methods: Methods are reusable blocks of code defined with the method keyword, a return type, a name, and optional parameters:
```
public int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}
```
Classes: Java is an object-oriented language, and you define classes to create objects and encapsulate behavior. Class definitions start with the class keyword:
```
public class MyClass {
    // Class members and methods go here
}
```

These are the core elements of Java syntax. To write effective Java code, it's crucial to follow these rules and understand how they work together to create functional programs.